Law
Law & framework
Every law page carries an “as on” date, a link to the official text, its amendment history and a legal reviewer’s sign-off. A summary is never the law — read the official text before relying on anything here.
- Constitutional provisions for Panchayati Raj
How the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 inserted Part IX (Articles 243 to 243-O) and the Eleventh Schedule into the Constitution, what those provisions require of States, and what they leave to State law.
- Panchayati Raj law: the central framework and the Bihar Panchayat Raj Act, 2006
The three-tier structure in Bihar (Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad), the Gram Sabha’s statutory powers, the Gram Kachahari (Bihar’s village judicial body), and the State Election and Finance Commissions.
- Reservation for women in Panchayati Raj institutions
The constitutional floor for reservation of seats and chairperson offices for women in panchayats under Article 243D, and how States have built on it.
- Bihar: reservation for women in panchayats
Bihar’s 50% reservation for women in panchayat seats and chairperson posts, presented as a structural table — tier, total seats, seats reserved for women, reserved for SC/ST/BC women, chairperson posts — with an “as on” date and source for every figure.